Glossary

A

Account Abstraction (ERC-4337) A standard that allows smart contracts to act as accounts, enabling features like gasless transactions and social recovery.

Attestation An on-chain credential that proves a fact about a user without revealing underlying personal data.

Attester An entity that issues attestations after verifying information.

B

Biometric Authentication Using Face ID, Touch ID, or similar physical characteristics to authenticate.

Bundler A service that batches UserOperations and submits them to the blockchain.

C

Context Switching Ability to switch between multiple account contexts (personal, entities) within CapSign.

CREATE2 Ethereum opcode that enables deterministic contract address prediction.

D

Diamond Pattern (EIP-2535) Smart contract design pattern that enables modular, upgradeable contracts.

E

EAS (Ethereum Attestation Service) Protocol for creating and verifying on-chain attestations.

EIP-1193 Standard Ethereum Provider JavaScript API used by wallets like MetaMask.

EIP-191 Standard for signing data with Ethereum accounts (personal_sign).

EntryPoint Smart contract that processes UserOperations in ERC-4337.

EOA (Externally Owned Account) Traditional Ethereum account controlled by a private key (e.g., MetaMask).

ERC-4337 Account abstraction standard enabling smart contract wallets.

ERC-7752 Lot-based token standard for capital markets compliance.

F

Facet A module in the diamond pattern containing specific functionality.

G

Gasless Transaction Transaction where gas fees are sponsored by a paymaster instead of user.

K

KYC (Know Your Customer) Identity verification process required for regulatory compliance.

P

Passkey WebAuthn credential providing password-free authentication.

Paymaster Contract that sponsors gas fees for UserOperations.

P256 Elliptic curve used by WebAuthn/passkeys.

S

Schema Structure definition for an attestation type.

Secure Enclave Hardware-isolated area in devices that protects cryptographic keys.

Smart Account ERC-4337 compliant smart contract wallet.

SPV (Special Purpose Vehicle) Legal entity created for specific investment or business purpose.

U

UserOperation ERC-4337 transaction format processed by bundlers.

W

WebAuthn Web standard for password-free authentication using passkeys.

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